Linux Commands Tutorial
Introduction:In this Blog i am going to explain Linux Commands Tutorial Linux is a Unix-Like operating system. All the Linux/Unix commands are run in the terminal provided by the Linux system. This terminal is just like the command prompt of Windows OS. Linux/Unix commands are case-sensitive. The terminal can be used to accomplish all Administrative tasks
Let us Start the Process Linux Commands Tutorial
1)logname: It shows current username
# logname
2)pwd: Present working directory which means current folder in linux
# pwd
3)date: it display system date and time
# date
4)clear: to clear the screen
# clear
5)cal: current month calendar we can call month and year along with cal command ex: cal 5 1982 which displays may month 1982
# cal
6)uname: it dispalys the present os name.
# uname
7)uname -r: displays kernal version
# uname -r
8)hostname: displays server name
# hostname
9)hostname -i: display server ip address
# hostname -i
10)who: it shows list of connect user in that server
# who
11)who am i: current logged user info
# who am i
12)su: switch username from one user into another user ex:su - username(oracle is the username)
# su - oracle
13)exit: logout from current user logged in
# exit
14)man command name: help of the given command
# man
WORKING WITH FILES:
1)cat: which is use to create a new file or open to view existing files
# cat chaitanya.txt
2)cat>>filename: appending data to these file
# cat >> chaitanya.txt
3)$touch filename: which create an empty file with zero kb
# touch chaitanya.txt
FILE DELETION:
1)rm: to delete the file
# rm chaitanya1.txt
2)rm -rf: delete the files forcibly
# rm - rf chaitanya2.txt
3)rm -i: delete the file which asks the user conformation
# rm - i chaitanya.txt
4)rm file1 file2: deleting multiple files
# rm chaitanya1.txt chaitanya2.txt
WORKING WITH DIRECTORIES:
1)mkdir: To create a new directory (Directory is nothing but a drive or folders like windows) in linux (here i am using Linux Commands Tutorial chaitanya is the directory name)
# mkdir chaitanya
2)cd dirname: to change a directory (one directory to another directory)
# cd orabackup
3)cd .. : to moves from current directory into previous directory
# cd ..
4)cd: to come out entire directory
# cd
5)cd /: it changes the root directory
# cd /
REMOVING DIRECTORIES:
1)rmdir: to removing directory it must be empty( here i am using Linux Commands Tutorial chaitanya is the directory in that chaitanya directory it should be empty then only it will be deleted)
# rmdir chaitanya
2)rm -r direcname: it deletes recursively to entire structure
# rm - r chaitanya
3)rm -ri direcname: it deletes recursively to entire structure it will ask the user confirmation (here iam using Linux Commands Tutorial chaitanya is the directory)
# rm - ri
4)rm -rf direcname: it deletes recursively to entire structure with forcibly
# rm -rf
COPY COMMANDS
1)cp sourcefile targetfile: copying file from existing location into new location
# cp chaitanya1.txt chaitanya3.txt
# cp chaitanya3.doc chaitanya03new.doc
# ls - l * .doc( it will displays all doc related files)
# ls - l *.txt (it will displays all text related files)
COPY MULTIPLE FILES SIMULTANEUOSLY INTO ANOTHER DIRECTORY
# cp main.txt demo.txt libc.txt backup
If backup is located in /home/project, enter:
# cp main.txt demo.txt libc.txt /home/project backup
COPY A FILE TO ANOTHER DIRECTORY
To copy a file from your current directory into another directory called /tmp/,
# cp filename /tmp
# ls /tmp/filename
# cd /tmp
# ls
COPYING ALL FILES
The star wildcard represents anything i.e. all files. To copy all the files in a directory to a new directory, enter:
# cp * /u01/oracle/backup
The star wildcard represents anything whose name ends with the .doc extension. So, to copy all the document files (*.doc) in a directory to a new directory, enter:
# cp *.doc /u01/oracle/backup
To copy a directory, including all its files and subdirectories, to another directory, enter (copy directories recursively):
# cp -R * /u01/oracle/backup
To copy a file to a new file and preserve the modification date, time, and access control list associated with the source file, enter:
# cp -p chaitanya.txt /dir1/dir2/
$ cp -p filename /path/to/new/location/myfile
MOVING COMMANDS
1)mv old file newlocation: using these command we can move a file from one folder into another folder or we can rename file also
Move mainc.txt defh.txt files to /u01/oracle/oracbackup/ directory:
# mv mainc.txt defh.txt /u01/oracle/orabackup/
Move all C files in current directory to subdirectory orabackup :
# mv *.c orabackup
Move all files in subdirectory orabackup to current directory :
# mv orabackup/* .
Rename file main.c to main.backup:
# mv main.c main.backup
Rename directory bak to bak3:
# mv bak bak3
Update - move when main.c is newer:
# mv -u main.c bak
#
Move main.c and prompt before overwrite bak/main.c:
# mv -v main.c bak
'bak/main.c' -> 'bak/main.c'
#
VIEWING FILE COMMANDS
1)ls : it's listing files which are in that directory with ascending order
# ls
2)ls -a: listed all files including hidden files also
# ls -a
3)ls -l: listed all files in long list format i.e 9 field
# ls -1
4)ls -t: listed all files based on date and time of creation
# ls -t
5)ls -r: listed all files on descending order or sin reverse
# ls -r
6)ls -R: listed all files recursively
# ls -R
CREATING HIDDEN FILES
1)cat>.filename
# cat > .chaitanya9.txt
2)mv filename .filename
# mv chaitanya1.txt .chaitanya6.txt
3)mkdir .dirname
# mkdir .chaitanya
UNHIDE FILES
1)mv .chaitanya chaitanya
# mv .chaitanya chaitanya
2)mv .dirname dirname
# mv . chaitanya chaitanya
Note: Info on Linux Commands Tutorial it may be differ in your environment like production,testing development and naming conventions etc
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